11:41 | 19 June 2013
Nuevas biorrefinerías a partir de aceites vegetales PDF Imprimir E-mail
Domingo, 22 de Julio de 2012 09:35
22-de-julio-biorefinerias-geonavitasPinturas, lubricantes y polímeros se suman a la lista de productos.La elaboración de productos a partir de la molienda de granos no se circunscribe sólo a la elaboración de aceites o de proteínas para alimentación animal. En Estados Unidos ya hay establecimientos que están trabajando en la industrialización de productos de una segunda generación

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Pinturas, lubricantes y polímeros se suman a la lista de productos.

La elaboración de productos a partir de la molienda de granos no se circunscribe sólo a la elaboración de aceites o de proteínas para alimentación animal.
En Estados Unidos ya hay establecimientos que están trabajando en la industrialización de productos de una segunda generación.

"Lo que allí se está gestando es la construcción de biorrefinerías, con un concepto similar a las petroquímicas, que utilizan como materia prima el aceite vegetal para la confección de una gama de productos similares a los que genera la industria petroquímica", comentó Leonardo Cristalli, un ingeniero industrial que se capacitó en el país del Norte en estos nuevos usos industriales de los derivados vegetales.

Según el profesional, la conversión de biomasa en energía se realiza, por lo general, en instalaciones separadas, con capacidad de obtención de escasos productos, tales como etanol, esteres de ácidos grasos, glicerina, metanol, entre otros. "Esto se hace sin aprovechar todo el potencial económico de la materia prima", destaca Cristalli.

La tendencia es ir hacia la construcción de biorrefinerías integradas, que emplearán todo los procesos de conversión de biomasa, tanto bioquímicos como termoquímicos, para producir una gran variedad de productos. La lista de derivados que puede aportar la industrialización de los aceites vegetales incluye desde lubricantes, solventes, pinturas, hasta biopolímeros.

Plataforma. Según Cristalli, Argentina ya cuenta con la plataforma necesaria para la elaboración del insumo básico, que es el aceite vegetal.

"Con la industria del biocombustible desarrollada ya hay subproductos como la glicerina que se pueden utilizar como materia prima. Además de poderle dar a las proteínas más aplicaciones industriales", indicó.

En la región, sin embargo, algo se está haciendo en un escalón superior, como es la confección de glicerina refinada, la obtención de vitaminas y el uso de proteínas para consumo humano.

La complejidad de los procesos industriales que requieren la transformación de la materia prima de origen vegetal no permite precisar una conversión directa entre la cantidad de insumo y de producto elaborado. "Hay desarrollos en cuanto a conversiones termoquímicas y biológicas que apuntan a bajar los costos. Por ejemplo, algunos procesos se realizan a través de bacterias modificadas genéticamente", comentó el especialista, quien también disertó en el Congreso de Agregado de Valor en el Inta Manfredi.

Los productos que tienen más potencial de crecimiento a corto plazo son aquellos sustitutos directos de los derivados del petróleo, como el propilenoglicol sobre la base de soja, para la elaboración de polímeros y el ácido acrólico sobre la base de soja, para pinturas.

Según Cristalli, entre 2001 y 2006, los usos industriales de la soja en Estados Unidos crecieron 400 por ciento.
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Última actualización el Jueves, 16 de Agosto de 2012 09:41
 

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